Lambda the Ultimate

An interesting paper by Oney, Myers, and Brandt in this year's UIST. Abstract:

InterState is a new programming language and environment that addresses the challenges of writing and reusing user interface code. InterState represents interactive behaviors clearly and concisely using a combination of novel forms of state machines and constraints. It also introduces new language features that allow programmers to easily modularize and reuse behaviors. InterState uses a new visual notation that allows programmers to better understand and navigate their code. InterState also includes a live editor that immediately updates the running application in response to changes in the editor and vice versa to help programmers understand the state of their program. Finally, InterState can interface with code and widgets written in other languages, for example to create a user interface in InterState that communicates with a database. We evaluated the understandability of InterState’s programming primitives in a comparative laboratory study. We found that participants were twice as fast at understanding and modifying GUI components when they were implemented with InterState than when they were implemented in a conventional textual event-callback style. We evaluated InterState’s scalability with a series of benchmarks and example applications and found that it can scale to implement complex behaviors involving thousands of objects and constraints.

Grammar of Graphics (Vega) for declarative static semantics + FRP (Flapjax) for declarative temporal!

We investigate the design of declarative, domain-specific languages for constructing interactive visualizations. By separating specification from execution, declarative languages can simplify development, enable unobtrusive optimization, and support retargeting across platforms. We describe the design of the Protovis specification language and its implementation within an object-oriented, statically-typed programming language (Java). We demonstrate how to support rich visualizations without requiring a toolkit-specific data model and extend Protovis to enable declarative specification of animated transitions. To support cross-platform deployment, we introduce rendering and event-handling infrastructures decoupled from the runtime platform, letting designers retarget visualization specifications (e.g., from desktop to mobile phone) with reduced effort. We also explore optimizations such as runtime compilation of visualization specifications, parallelized execution, and hardware-accelerated rendering. We present benchmark studies measuring the performance gains provided by these optimizations and compare performance to existing Java-based visualization tools, demonstrating scalability improvements exceeding an order of magnitude.

See video and UIST 2014 paper.

For our own production code, we've been combining RxJS ~E-FRP with D3 charts.

A Next Generation Smart Contract and Decentralized Application Platform, Vitalik Buterin.

When Satoshi Nakamoto first set the Bitcoin blockchain into motion in January 2009, he was simultaneously introducing two radical and untested concepts. The first is the "bitcoin", a decentralized peer-to-peer online currency that maintains a value without any backing, intrinsic value or central issuer. So far, the "bitcoin" as a currency unit has taken up the bulk of the public attention, both in terms of the political aspects of a currency without a central bank and its extreme upward and downward volatility in price. However, there is also another, equally important, part to Satoshi's grand experiment: the concept of a proof of work-based blockchain to allow for public agreement on the order of transactions. Bitcoin as an application can be described as a first-to-file system: if one entity has 50 BTC, and simultaneously sends the same 50 BTC to A and to B, only the transaction that gets confirmed first will process. There is no intrinsic way of determining from two transactions which came earlier, and for decades this stymied the development of decentralized digital currency. Satoshi's blockchain was the first credible decentralized solution. And now, attention is rapidly starting to shift toward this second part of Bitcoin's technology, and how the blockchain concept can be used for more than just money.

Commonly cited applications include using on-blockchain digital assets to represent custom currencies and financial instruments ("colored coins"), the ownership of an underlying physical device ("smart property"), non-fungible assets such as domain names ("Namecoin") as well as more advanced applications such as decentralized exchange, financial derivatives, peer-to-peer gambling and on-blockchain identity and reputation systems. Another important area of inquiry is "smart contracts" - systems which automatically move digital assets according to arbitrary pre-specified rules. For example, one might have a treasury contract of the form "A can withdraw up to X currency units per day, B can withdraw up to Y per day, A and B together can withdraw anything, and A can shut off B's ability to withdraw". The logical extension of this is decentralized autonomous organizations (DAOs) - long-term smart contracts that contain the assets and encode the bylaws of an entire organization. What Ethereum intends to provide is a blockchain with a built-in fully fledged Turing-complete programming language that can be used to create "contracts" that can be used to encode arbitrary state transition functions, allowing users to create any of the systems described above, as well as many others that we have not yet imagined, simply by writing up the logic in a few lines of code.

Includes code samples.

BCS FACS - Annual Peter Landin Semantics Seminar 2014
On correspondences between programming languages and semantic notations

Date/Time: Monday 8 December 2014, 6.00pm - 8.30pm

Venue: BCS, First Floor, The Davidson Building, 5 Southampton Street, London, WC2E 7HA

Cost to attend: Free of charge, but, please book your place via the BCS online booking system.

Book Online: https://events.bcs.org/book/1170/

Speaker: Prof. Peter Mosses, Swansea University

Synopsis:

Peter Landin (1930 - 2009) was a pioneer whose ideas underpin modern computing. In the the 1950s and 1960s, Landin showed that programs could be defined in terms of mathematical functions, translated into functional expressions in the lambda calculus, and their meaning calculated with an abstract mathematical machine. Compiler writers and designers of modern-day programming languages alike owe much to Landin's pioneering work.

Each year, a leading figure in computer science will pay tribute to Landin's contribution to computing through a public seminar. This year's seminar is entitled "On correspondences between programming languages and semantic notations" and will be given by Prof. Peter Mosses (Swansea University).

Programme:

5.15pm Coffee
6.00pm Welcome & Introduction - Prof Tony Clark (Middlesex University)
6.05pm Peter Landin Semantics Seminar -
On correspondences between programming languages & semanic notations - Prof. Peter Mosses (Swansea University)
7.20pm Drinks Reception

Seminar details:

50 years ago, at the IFIP Working Conference on Formal Language Description Languages, Peter Landin presented a paper on “A formal description of ALGOL 60”. In it, he explained “a correspondence between certain features of current programming languages and a modified form of Church’s λ-notation”, and suggested using that as the basis for formal semantics. He regarded his formal description of ALGOL 60 as a “compiler” from ALGOL abstract syntax to λ-notation.

10 years later, denotational semantics was well established, and two denotational descriptions of ALGOL 60 had been produced as case studies: one in the VDM style developed at IBM-Vienna, the other in the continuations-based style adopted in Christopher Strachey’s Programming Research Group at Oxford.

After recalling Landin’s approach, I’ll illustrate how it differs from denotational semantics, based on the ALGOL 60 descriptions. I’ll also present a recently developed component-based semantics for ALGOL 60, involving its translation to an open-ended collection of so-called fundamental constructs. I’ll assume familiarity with the main concepts of denotational semantics.

Closing date for bookings is 8 December @ 5pm. No more bookings will be taken after this date.

Does Drupal have a plug-in for supporting up/down voting things? I want to tell people who posted that i'm excited about their post even though i am too uneducated/ignorant/clueless to be able to actually post anything relevant other than, "w00t!" Can somebody pretty please install such a feature? :-) It would be nice to be able to sort the "Recent Posts" by that as well. :-)