Lambda the Ultimate

Suppose we have the typical immutable list, with some immutable operations:

type 'a list = Nil | Cons 'a * 'a list
let head l = match l with Nil -> raise "Error!" | Cons(x,next) -> x
let add l x = Cons(x,l)
let map f l = match l with Nil -> Nil | Cons(x,next) -> Cons(f x, map f next)
...
let update l item newitem = match l with
    Nil as cur -> cur
  | Cons(x,next) as cur ->
      if item = x then Cons(newitem, next)
      else let u = update next item newitem in 
            if u = next then cur else Cons(x, u)
let append x l = match l with Nil -> Cons(x, Nil) | Cons(x,next) -> Cons(x, append x next)
...

Is there any reason in principle we wouldn't be able to derive a mutable version automatically? At first blush, mutability seems somewhat distributive up to polymorphic parameters. Any recursive function on abstraction Foo that returns a Foo of the exact same type is an mutable update candidate.

Transforming outwards-in on a Foo:

1. Return types are replaced by unit.
2. Arguments of type Foo become "mutable Foo".
3. A recursive call propagates the update forwards.
4. For any application of the same Foo constructor to function arguments and referencing the remainder of the data structure, an in-place update for the closest mutable variable is inserted.
5. For any application of a different Foo constructor than the one just matched, the in-place update bubbles up to the previous activation frame.
6. Any code that simply returns the current element is eliminated.

This translation is predicated on a "mutable Foo" being like a "ref Foo". The derived mutable abstraction would look something like:

let mutable 'a list = Nil | Cons mutable 'a * mutable 'a list

let update l item newitem = match !l with
   Nil -> ()
 | Cons(x,next) as cur ->
     if item = !x then x := newitem
     else update next item newitem

let append x l = match !l with Nil as x -> l := Cons(x, Nil) | Cons(x,next) -> append x next

I can't think of any language that allows this, or any work along these lines, but I don't really know what to search for. It seems like it would be a pretty handy language feature though. Sometimes you really need a mutable data structure, and even though you have a perfectly good immutable equivalent at hand for which the mutable version seems like a mechanical translation, you still have to translate it by hand.

Can anyone provide pointers to work like this or explain the difficulties why it's not feasible in general?